ÌÇÐÄ´«Ã½

Throughout the disciplines and across its schools and programs, Duke is employing and empowering climate-fluent leaders to educate a new generation of students.

By 1900, many cities in the U.S., Canada and Europe were beginning to incinerate their burgeoning volumes of garbage and trash. At the time, public health boards, sanitary engineers and city leaders strongly supported incineration. From the 1930s through the 1960s, nearly half of U.S. and Canadian cities incinerated city waste, and millions of tons of ash was produced each year.

Once a favored food of grazing dinosaurs, an ancient lineage of plants called cycads helped sustain these and other prehistoric animals during the Mesozoic Era, starting 252 million years ago, by being plentiful in the forest understory. Today, just a few species of the palm-like plants survive in tropical and subtropical habitats.

Despite earlier studies highlighting Hawaii’s wildfire risks and previous close calls with wind-driven fires in West Maui, the severity of the tragic Lahaina blaze came as a shock to virtually everyone.